A recent report by the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) reveals that 38 major data-collecting companies in the U.S.—including AI vendors, data brokers, defense contractors, and dating apps—employ manipulative practices that hinder consumers from opting out of data collection and sharing.The study identifies multiple tactics such as buried links, multiple forms, account or subscription requirements, and misleading toggles.High-profile companies like Google, Meta, OpenAI, Amazon, and Palantir were scrutinized for failing to provide clear, accessible opt-out options.

People-search sites like Spokeo, Whitepages, and National Public Data offer limited removal options but continue selling personal data, raising safety concerns highlighted by past criminal cases.

EPIC argues that opt-out mechanisms are often insufficient for protecting vulnerable populations, including domestic violence survivors, women of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, and public officials.The report concludes that reducing unnecessary data collection is more effective than improving opt-out forms alone.

Some companies disputed EPIC’s findings, noting that they do not sell data or provide alternative privacy controls, but the study emphasizes that current processes remain confusing, inconsistent, and potentially unsafe for consumers.