India and Japan have significantly strengthened their strategic partnership during the 16th annual summit held in New Delhi, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi agreed on a wide-ranging agenda covering defence cooperation, artificial intelligence, energy security, and economic collaboration.

The two leaders announced a Joint Economic Security Roadmap aimed at enhancing resilience in critical supply chains such as semiconductors, rare earths, advanced materials, and pharmaceuticals.Both sides emphasised the need to reduce vulnerabilities arising from global uncertainties and non-market practices affecting strategic resources.

In the defence sector, the countries agreed to deepen cooperation through joint development of military platforms, including the Unicorn radio antenna project for Indian warships, and expanded collaboration in maritime domain awareness, naval maintenance, and defence exercises.They also agreed to hold the next 2+2 ministerial meeting in Tokyo later this year.

On the economic front, both sides reviewed their Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), acknowledging the need to modernise it to reflect current global trade realities.

Energy security was another key pillar, with agreements on strategic stockpiling of crude oil and joint investments in energy transport infrastructure.

The leaders also supported enhanced cooperation in clean energy, battery supply chains, and alternative pharmaceutical inputs to reduce dependence on concentrated global suppliers.

In addition, India and Japan agreed to boost cooperation in artificial intelligence through a strategic R&D partnership aligned with safe and human-centric AI principles.

The summit also highlighted major infrastructure cooperation such as Japan’s continued support for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high-speed rail project and expanded Japanese investment targets in India.Trade between the two countries reached $27.

5 billion in 2025–26, with both sides aiming to further scale investments and industrial collaboration across sectors like mobility, shipbuilding, and digital innovation.