The opening day of Parliament's Monsoon Session was marked by major disruptions both inside and outside the House as large-scale protests over alleged examination paper leaks coincided with repeated adjournments in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Thousands of demonstrators associated with the Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) gathered at Jantar Mantar before attempting to march towards Parliament, demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan.

Police stopped the march using barricades, tear gas and lathi charges after protesters allegedly breached security arrangements and violated prohibitory orders.

Delhi Police stated that protesters turned violent, attacked personnel, damaged public property and injured over 100 police personnel, while several government vehicles were vandalised.

Protesters and Opposition leaders, however, alleged excessive use of force against largely unarmed demonstrators and claimed that many protesters were injured.

Inside Parliament, the Opposition raised the issues of examination irregularities, paper leaks and the handling of student protests, leading to repeated adjournments of both Houses.Only a Bill to increase the sanctioned strength of Supreme Court judges could be introduced in the Lok Sabha amid the disruptions.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, while addressing the media before the session, expressed hope for constructive parliamentary proceedings and highlighted the achievements of India's youth, including the successful launch of Skyroot Aerospace's Vikram-1 mission.Later in the day, Union Minister JP Nadda met representatives of the CJP, who submitted a memorandum demanding action against the Education Minister.

While the government described the continuing agitation as politically motivated, Opposition leaders, including Rahul Gandhi, Mallikarjun Kharge and Dimple Yadav, criticised the government's response and urged it to engage with protesting students through dialogue.