NASA has announced a structured, multi-phase plan to establish a permanent presence at the Moon's south pole.The program is divided into three phases.

Phase one, from 2026 to 2029, will focus on robotic operations, including at least 25 missions and 21 landings, involving landers, rovers, surface reactors, satellites, and a key test of Blue Origin's Blue Moon Mark 1 Endurance module.This mission aims to validate landing systems and navigation technology without carrying astronauts.Subsequent missions will evaluate complex rover operations and test scientific instruments under lunar conditions.

Phase two, starting in 2029, will initiate the assembly of semi-permanent infrastructure, including habitats, energy systems, and communication networks, with a total of 24 missions delivering up to 60 tons of cargo.

Phase three will focus on scaling up the infrastructure to support continuous crew rotation, reliable power, and ongoing cargo transport, with an estimated 38 tons of material shipped annually.

NASA emphasizes that each mission, crewed or uncrewed, will provide critical learning opportunities to prepare for long-term human presence, scientific research, technological innovation, and economic development, as well as to set the stage for future exploration beyond the Moon.