A new report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) reveals Russia's use of a 'shadow fleet' of sanctioned-busting ships to launch drone operations across Europe, testing NATO's air defenses and probing vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure.

Between August 2024 and February 2026, 144 suspected drones were recorded near sensitive military and nuclear sites in Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the UK, and Denmark, with some flights occurring over U.S.air bases in the UK.

The campaign appears aimed at assessing NATO's response times, identifying weaknesses in defense systems, and inducing public anxiety to pressure governments.Retired Lt.Gen.Ben Hodges noted the drones are likely used to create panic and erode trust in leadership.The IISS linked shadow fleet vessels to drone incidents, suggesting Russia employs them for deniability.Similar drone sightings have occurred in the U.S., though investigations concluded most were hobbyist activities.Russian President Vladimir Putin denied accusations, calling for 'proven facts.

' The report highlights growing concerns about low-level airspace violations and their potential to normalize threats to European and American security.