Recent research is raising concerns that although generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT, Claude and similar services can improve productivity and make everyday tasks easier, excessive dependence on them may negatively affect important human cognitive abilities over time.

Scientists say these tools can assist with writing, coding, planning trips, translation and many other intellectual activities, but they may also encourage users to rely less on their own reasoning and problem-solving skills.

A large American-British study involving more than 1,200 participants found that while AI-assisted users performed better in the short term on arithmetic and reading tasks, they experienced weaker long-term learning outcomes and showed less persistence when the AI tools were no longer available.Researchers described this as worrying because persistence is essential for acquiring new skills.

Other studies, including research from MIT, have also suggested that students using generative AI for essay writing demonstrated lower levels of critical thinking.

Experts refer to this trend as 'cognitive offloading', where people shift mental effort to technology, or even 'cognitive surrender' when users stop engaging deeply with tasks altogether.

Researchers explain that the human brain naturally tries to conserve energy, and if certain cognitive activities are repeatedly avoided, the brain may gradually reduce the neural connections associated with those skills.

In response, AI companies have started introducing guided learning features, including Socratic-style prompts that encourage users to think through problems instead of simply receiving answers.Microsoft and other developers also emphasise the importance of verifying AI-generated information and training users to use these tools responsibly.

However, experts agree that there is still insufficient long-term evidence to determine the full impact of generative AI on the human brain, making balanced and thoughtful use of the technology especially important.