New research has uncovered the genetic and historical significance of Tigray’s ancient grapevines, which have thrived despite challenges.These vines, grown in household compounds and village gardens, are a testament to long-term smallholder management and cultural practices.Their ancestry traces back to the Aksumite era (150 BCE–800 CE), likely linked to ancient trade networks connecting the Mediterranean and Red Sea.

Genetic analysis reveals hybridization with Eritrean varieties introduced in the early 20th century, creating a unique landrace called Rubaksum Tsellim.These vines show resilience to dry conditions, making them valuable for climate adaptation.Local farmers have played a key role in preserving this heritage, highlighting the importance of traditional knowledge.The study underscores how agricultural biodiversity can offer solutions to modern challenges while safeguarding cultural identity.