The Supreme Court of India has ruled that the right to peaceful protest is constitutionally guaranteed and that police actions against demonstrators cannot be justified merely by the existence of an agitation.Chief Justice Surya Kant emphasized that while protests are protected, violence and excessive force by law enforcement are unacceptable.

The court highlighted the need for a uniform nationwide protocol to manage peaceful demonstrations while ensuring the safety of both protesters and police personnel.The ruling came amid allegations of police excesses during July 20 protests related to the NEET paper leak.

The bench stressed that agitation does not equate to violence or lathicharge (use of batons), and called for pan-India guidelines to prevent adversarial approaches by petitioners or governments.

Justice Joymalya Bagchi expressed concern over attacks on police personnel during protests, urging the state to address safeguards for law enforcement.The court also mandated designated spaces for demonstrations and clear protocols to handle anti-social elements.The case will be revisited for further hearings, underscoring the judiciary's role in balancing civil liberties with public order.